Semi-hollow pneumatic tyre and associated wheel rim, notably for agricultural machinery

ABSTRACT

A pneumatic tyre ( 14 ) of the semi-hollow type comprises a casing having an uninflated inner volume and comprising an inner wall ( 42 ) provided with a retaining bead ( 52 ) and a convex outer wall ( 44 ) forming the tread of the tyre, the inner wall ( 42 ) and the outer wall ( 44 ) of the tyre being connected by two annular borders ( 46, 48 ). The inner wall ( 42 ) of the tyre ( 14 ) is concave so as to surmount a convex outer wall ( 34   a,    34   b ) of the peripheral seat ( 22 ) of a rim ( 12 ) of a wheel, this outer wall being provided with a peripheral slot ( 36 ) adapted to accommodate the retaining bead ( 52 ) of the tyre. Application particularly to depth control wheels and/or ground pressing wheels for agricultural machines.

The invention is concerned with the field of wheels and relates more particularly to a semi-hollow tyre and an associated wheel rim, notably for agricultural machinery.

It relates chiefly, but not restrictively, to a wheel intended for a seed drill element for regulating the working depth of this element and/or for pressing the soil down after this element has passed by.

In agricultural machinery of this type a ground working tool such as a ploughshare, a disc or a tooth creates a furrow in which the grains or seeds are buried, the furrow then being closed off to allow the grains or seeds to germinate.

These agricultural machines are drawn by a tractor and are generally of the trailed or semi-trailed type.

The wheel that is fitted to the seed drill serves primarily as a depth control wheel for controlling the working depth of the seed drill. However, it may also serve to press down the soil to close off the furrow in which the grains or seeds have been deposited.

In some machines, these wheels act only as a depth control wheel, while in others they act only as pressing wheels. However, these wheels may also perform a double function of depth control and pressing.

A wheel of this kind may be arranged in front of the tool or behind the tool relative to the direction of travel of the machine.

In every case, these wheels are subjected to difficult working conditions in view of the fact that the machine often moves forward at a speed of the order of 15 to 20 km/h on open fields, i.e. on irregular and sometimes bumpy terrain. They are also subject to considerable stresses, particularly when the machine is banking or performing half-turns.

Moreover, when the wheel travels over wet or sticky ground, wet soil is liable to stick to the wheel, preventing it from fulfilling its functions correctly.

The design of such wheels is therefore particularly tricky.

The most widely adopted solution is a wheel comprising a conventional inflated tyre mounted about a conventional rim. For optimum operation, the tyre must be inflated to the correct pressure, with the result that the tyre thus obtained is prone to stresses and lack of flexibility. It therefore has a tendency to accumulate soil when it travels over wet ground.

Wheels are also known which are fitted with special tyres, particularly of the semi-hollow type. Thus, the Applicant markets a wheel comprising a rim formed by a hub surrounded by a peripheral seat having a peripheral slot, as well as a tyre of the semi-hollow type comprising a casing having an uninflated inner volume, said casing comprising an inner wall adapted to surround the peripheral seat and provided with a retaining bead adapted to engage in the peripheral slot, as well as a convex outer wall forming the tread of the tyre.

The outer wall of the rim is generally cylindrical, as is the inner wall of the casing.

The wheel in this second solution is generally satisfactory, but there is a need to improve performance still further, notably for travelling over difficult terrain, such as sloping or banked terrain or wet and sticky ground.

The invention sets out in particular to provide a solution to this problem.

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type, intended for a wheel rim formed by a hub surrounded by a peripheral seat having an outer wall provided with a peripheral slot, the tyre comprising a casing having an uninflated inner volume, said casing comprising an inner wall which is adapted to surround the outer wall of the peripheral seat and which is provided with a retaining bead adapted to be received in the peripheral slot in the peripheral seat, as well as a convex outer wall, i.e. a wall that is domed outwards, forming the tread of the tyre.

According to the invention, the inner wall of the tyre is concave, so as to surmount the convex outer wall of the peripheral seat, the inner wall and outer wall of the tyre being connected by two annular borders adapted to cover the outer wall of the peripheral seat towards the hub.

On account of its particular configuration, the casing of the semi-hollow tyre surmounts the convex, i.e. outwardly domed, shape of the outer wall of the peripheral seat of the rim, thereby enveloping the peripheral seat and extending in the direction of the hub of the wheel rim.

This enveloping structure allows a better shape adaptation between the casing of the tyre and the peripheral seat of the rim, thus allowing improved characteristics and better performance of this tyre especially in difficult conditions, for example on banked terrain, slippery terrain, etc.

Moreover, this particular shape of semi-hollow tyre gives it greater flexibility, which assists with its self-cleaning when the tyre is travelling over wet and sticky ground.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a wheel rim suitable for being associated with a semi-hollow tyre as hereinbefore defined.

This wheel rim is formed by a hub surrounded by a peripheral seat provided with a peripheral slot, and this peripheral seat comprises an outwardly domed outer wall having a top part in which the peripheral slot is formed. This outer wall is adapted to receive the inner wall of a tyre of the semi-hollow type as hereinbefore defined, wherein the retaining bead is adapted to be received in the peripheral slot in the peripheral seat.

The invention also relates to a wheel formed by a rim and a semi-hollow tyre as hereinbefore defined.

In the detailed description that follows, which is provided solely by way of example, reference is made to the attached drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a wheel comprising a semi-hollow tyre and a rim according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a section on the line II-II in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the wheel in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 shows a half-section from FIG. 2 on a larger scale;

FIG. 5 is a view analogous to FIG. 2 in an alternative embodiment in which a reinforcing framework is embedded in the inner wall of the casing; and

FIGS. 6 and 7 are sectional views analogous to FIG. 2 in alternative embodiments in which the tread of the tyre is provided with external reliefs.

Reference will be made first of all to FIGS. 1 to 3 which show a wheel 10 for an agricultural machine comprising a rim 12 around which is mounted a pneumatic tyre 14 of the semi-hollow type, also known as a “tyre”.

The rim 12 is formed by a hub 16 having a circular central opening 18 of axis XX and fixing holes 20, five in this example, serving for the mounting of the rim on an appropriate support (FIG. 1). The hub 16 is surrounded by an annular peripheral seat 22, also known as a “seating”, around which is mounted the tyre 14. The structure of the wheel 10 (rim 12 and tyre 14) will be better understood from a study of FIGS. 2 and 4.

In the embodiment shown, the rim 12 is formed by two cheeks 24 a and 24 b which are joined to one another by five sets of bolts 26 and nuts 28. Each bolt 26 passes successively through a central part 30 b of the cheek 24 b and a central part 30 a of the cheek 24 a before being fitted with a nut 28 (FIG. 4).

The central parts 30 a and 30 b are continued respectively by inner walls 32 a and 32 b which widen radially outwards and are continued by outer walls 34 a and 34 b which converge on one another. These latter jointly constitute an outer wall of the peripheral seat 22 which has a convex, i.e. outwardly domed, radial cross-section. In the embodiment shown this cross-section is substantially semi-circular. In other words, each of the outer walls 34 a and 34 b has a cross-section substantially in the shape of a quarter-circle in the radial direction.

This outer wall has a top part which is interrupted so as to define a peripheral slot 36 which is delimited by two respective folded edges 38 a and 38 b facing one another, coming from the outer walls 34 a and 34 b of the peripheral seat. The outer walls 34 a and 34 b are thus connected to the central parts 30 a and 30 b by the inner walls 32 a and 32 b which become thinner towards the hub 16.

In the embodiment shown, the cheeks 24 a and 24 b are formed from a sheet metal, such as sheet steel, for example. However, in an alternative embodiment (not shown), the rim could be made in one piece. Moreover, the rim could be formed from a plastic material, whether in one or more pieces.

The cross-section of the peripheral seat 22 is hollow and delimits an annular chamber 40. The folded edges 38 a and 38 b are turned towards the inside of the chamber 40. The radial cross-section of the seat 22 is thus generally heart-shaped.

The semi-hollow tyre 14 surmounts the outer wall 34 a, 34 b of the peripheral seat 22 by virtue of its particular shape. This tyre has a casing made of an elastomeric material, e.g. rubber. This casing has an inner wall 42 which is concave in shape so as to surmount the outer wall 34 a, 34 b of the peripheral seat 22 of the rim. This inner wall 42 is connected to a convex outer wall 44 which constitutes the tread of the tyre. The walls 42 and 44 are connected by two annular borders 46 and 48 which cover the outer wall of the peripheral seat in the direction of the hub.

The casing of the tyre delimits an inner volume 50 which is not inflated and which communicates with the outside via at least one opening (not shown). The tyre may be produced by a conventional method for manufacturing semi-hollow tyres.

The inner wall 42 is provided with a retaining bead 52 which projects radially inwards and is adapted to engage in the peripheral slot 36 in order to hold the tyre in position on the rim.

In the embodiment shown, the retaining bead 52, which is attached to the inner wall 42 of the casing, has a “mushroom”-shaped or “T”-shaped profile, with a narrow portion 54 attached to the inner wall 42 and an enlarged head 56 adapted to be accommodated in the inner chamber 40 of the peripheral seat.

Thus, the retaining bead 52 is held between the two cheeks 24 a and 24 b as they are fitted together.

In the case of a one-piece wheel, it is also possible to insert a retaining bead of this kind, but this necessitates radially widening the tyre and force-fitting the bead into the slot delimited at the periphery of the seat in the rim.

The inner wall 42 has a substantially semi-circular cross-section and the same applies to the outer wall 44. Thus, the casing has a radial cross-section which is substantially crescent-shaped.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, the inner wall 42 has a radial depth P defined as the radial distance between the annular borders 46 and 48 and the bottom of the inner wall, i.e. the point where the retaining bead 52 is attached. The outer wall 44 has a radial height H defined as the radial distance between the annular borders 46 and 48 and the top part 58 of the outer wall. The ratio P/H between the radial depth and the radial height is at least 0.25, preferably between 0.25 and 0.50. In the embodiment, this ratio is 44.5%.

The presence of a ratio greater than 0.25 allows good cooperation of shape between the seat of the rim and the tyre to ensure good mechanical characteristics.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the outer wall 44 forming the tread is smooth on the outside but, as will be seen hereinafter, it may also be provided with external reliefs.

According to an interesting feature, the inner wall 42 and the outer wall 44 of the casing have complementary respective profiles arranged facing one another inside the casing and adapted to fit together mutually when the casing is compressed on the ground under the effect of a load.

In the embodiment shown, these complementary respective profiles comprise a central projection 60 protruding from the inner wall 42 and two lateral projections 62, spaced apart from each other, protruding from the outer wall 44 and adapted to house the central projection 60 between them when the casing is compressed on the ground.

In fact, as the tyre is of the semi-hollow type, the casing has a tendency to be crushed naturally in contact with the ground, under the effect of the load. The central projection 60 is then received between the two lateral projections 62, thus preventing any lateral relative movement between the walls 42 and 44. This is particularly useful when the wheel is travelling over difficult terrain, for example over sloping land or banked land, as this allows the wheel to maintain its trajectory.

In the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 5., a reinforcing framework 64 is embedded in the inner wall 42 of the casing close to the retaining bead 52. This framework which is advantageously a metal ring or a cable, enables the casing to be reinforced in the region of the peripheral bead, which is subjected to particular stress.

As already indicated, the outer wall 44 forming the tread may be provided with external reliefs. In the embodiment in FIG. 6, the outer wall 44 is surrounded by an outer central rib 66 which is arranged on the top part of the tread.

In the case of FIG. 7, this outer wall is provided with two mutually spaced outer lateral ribs 68. These two ribs 68 are arranged substantially in the region of the lateral projections 62 mentioned hereinbefore. Other types of reliefs may be envisaged, such as grippers, for example.

The invention applies in particular to wheels used in agriculture, notably depth control wheels and/or wheels for pressing on the ground.

The rim of the wheel may be made in one piece or in two pieces, either of metal or of plastics.

The domed shape of the outer wall of the rim may have a shape other than semi-circular, for example a shape with a double slope.

Equally, the shape of the tyre is capable of numerous alternative embodiments provided that the inner wall thereof comes to be atop the seat of the rim and extends beyond this seat to extend towards the hub, forming an enveloping shape.

The tyre is particularly flexible, giving an enhanced self-cleaning effect.

The tyre according to the invention may also travel on the roads, provided that its speed does not exceed a limit of generally about 40 km/h. 

1. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type, intended for a wheel rim formed by a hub surrounded by a peripheral seat (22) having an outer wall (34 a, 34 b) provided with a peripheral slot (26), the tyre (14) comprising a casing having an uninflated inner volume, said casing comprising an inner wall (42) which is adapted to surround the outer wall (34 a, 34 b) of the peripheral seat and which is provided with a retaining bead (52) adapted to be received in the peripheral slot (26) in the peripheral seat, as well as a convex outer wall (44) forming the tread of the tyre, characterised in that the inner wall (42) of the tyre is concave, so as to surmount the convex outer wall (34 a, 34 b) of the peripheral seat, the inner wall (42) and outer wall (44) of the tyre being connected by two annular borders (46, 48) adapted to cover the outer wall (34 a, 34 b) of the peripheral seat (36) towards the hub (16).
 2. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type according to claim 1, characterised in that the casing has a substantially crescent-shaped radial cross-section, the inner wall (42) having a radial depth (P) defined as the radial distance between the annular borders (46, 48) and the bottom of the inner wall, and the outer wall (44) has a radial height (H) defined as the radial distance between the annular borders (46, 48) and the top part (58) of the outer wall, the ratio (P/H) between the radial depth and the radial height being at least 0.25, preferably between 0.25 and 0.50.
 3. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the inner wall (42) of the casing has a substantially semi-circular cross-section.
 4. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the retaining bead (52) attached to the inner wall (42) of the casing has a mushroom-shaped or T-shaped profile with a narrow portion (54) attached to the inner wall and adapted to pass through the peripheral slot (36) and a widened head (56) adapted to be accommodated in an inner chamber (40) of the rim delimited by the outer wall (34 a, 34 b) of the peripheral seat.
 5. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a reinforcing framework (64) is embedded in the inner wall (42) of the casing close to the retaining bead (52).
 6. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the inner wall (42) and the outer wall (44) of the casing have complementary profiles (60, 62) arranged facing one another inside the casing and adapted to fit mutually with each other when the casing is compressed on the ground under the effect of a load.
 7. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type according to claim 6, characterised in that the complementary profiles comprise a central projection (60) protruding from the inner wall (42) and two spaced-apart lateral projections (62) protruding from the outer wall (44) and adapted to house the central projection (60) between them when the casing is compressed on the ground.
 8. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the outer wall (42) of the tyre forming the tread is generally smooth on the outside.
 9. Pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the outer wall (42) of the tyre forming the tread is provided with external reliefs (66; 68), particularly at least one external annular rib.
 10. Wheel rim formed by a hub (16) surrounded by a peripheral seat (22) provided with a peripheral slot (36), characterised in that the peripheral seat (22) of the rim comprises an outwardly domed outer wall (34 a, 34 b) having a top part in which the peripheral slot (36) is formed, the outer wall (34 a, 34 b) being adapted to receive the inner wall (42) of a tyre of the semi-hollow type according to one of claims 1 to 9, the retaining bead (52) being received in the peripheral slot in the peripheral seat.
 11. Wheel rim according to claim 10, characterised in that the outer wall (34 a, 34 b) of the peripheral seat (22) has a cross-section substantially in the shape of an arc of a circle interrupted to form the peripheral slot (36).
 12. Wheel rim according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterised in that the peripheral slot (36) is delimited by two folded edges (38 a, 38 b) facing one another, protruding from the outer wall (34 a, 34 b) of the peripheral seat (22) of the rim and turned towards the inside of a chamber (40) of the peripheral seat (32).
 13. Wheel rim according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the outer wall (34 a, 34 b) of the peripheral seat (22) is extended by an inner wall (32 a, 32 b) which becomes narrower towards the hub (16).
 14. Wheel rim according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the rim (12) is formed by the joining together of two cheeks (24 a, 24 b), preferably made of metal, which jointly delimit the peripheral slot (36).
 15. Wheel comprising a pneumatic tyre of the semi-hollow type (14) according to one of claims 1 to 9, mounted about a rim (12) according to one of claims 10 to
 14. 